A Study On Genetic Engineering - 1457 Words

Zishan Bhatti Bio 1101 Lecture 10 am Professor Fuscaldo 5/1/2015 CRISPR Cas9 Genetic engineering is a feat that humans have been attempting to perfect for a very long time. Genetic engineering is trying to change or modify an animal or organism’s genetic makeup or genome using biotechnology. There are a lot of technologies that have been invented throughout the years that attempt to do this. One of the newest biomedical engineering advancements is the CRISPR Cas9, it is a microbial nuclease system which can seriously benefit science if it truly works properly. There has been countless amounts of genetic engineering technologies invented, but a majority of them have some sort of defect or harmful side effect. Though, there are genetic†¦show more content†¦Genetic engineering is replacing, changing, or deleting certain hereditary traits from a cell, and there are countless technologies that have been invented to do this such as, gene isolation, gene targeting, and transformation. Emmanuelle Charpentie was initially researching how tr acrRNA would function inside the CRISPR. It was previously acknowledged that with this the bacteria’s being tested would not be able to be invaded by foreign virus. From the 1980s scientist have always believed that the CRISPR was just a useless chunk of the DNA that had no worth. Though then with Emmanuelle’s studies scientist started to realize that the CRISPR might actually be a defense mechanism inside the cells of bacteria. CRISPR can take viral information from a virus and then make itself immune to it. The scientist worked on this and it can be used to cut and replace DNA. Now with the revolution of CRISPR cas9 genetic engineering is a simple task to do, well much simpler than it was before. See in the past it has been complicated to cut a piece of DNA out successfully and then replace it with another strand of your choice without any sort of defect. The CRISPR cas9 not only cuts but can replace as well on its own. The scientist who worked on the CRISPR such as Emmanuelle Chantie and Doudna had no idea it was going to be able to be used for genetic engineering. Then after they realized and other genetic researchers started looking into this a scientific

The Failure Of The League Of Nations - 2581 Words

The League of Nations was doomed To failure from the start Adam Jenner Many may believe that the League of Nations was doomed to failure as soon as the doors of their Geneva headquarters were opened; many may say that it was built on unstable foundations; that the very idea of it was a grave misjudgment by the powers that were. Indeed it is true that the League of Nations, when it was set up was marred with many fundamental flaws. The League of Nations was formed after the end of the First World War. It was an idea that President Wilson introduced as an international police force to maintain peace and to ensure the devastating atrocities like the First World War ever happening again. The principle mission of the League of Nations was to maintain World Peace. Their failure as the international peacekeeping organization to maintain world peace brought the outbreak of Second World War. Their failure in policing and preventing peace in settling disputes throughout Europe, erupted into th e most devastating war ever. Through my analysis of the failures of the League of Nations to maintain world peace, my arguments will demonstrate the understandings of the reasons and events that created the most devastating environment for the Second World War. When the league first started everyone had different ideas of what organization it should be and what aims it should have. The league was based on the covenant a set of 26 articles or rules which all members had to agree to and theShow MoreRelatedLeague of Nations Failures1246 Words   |  5 PagesLEAGUE OF NATIONS [FAILURES]- While the League of Nations could celebrate its successes, the League had every reason to examine its failures and where it went wrong. These failures, especially in the 1930’s, cruelly exposed the weaknesses of the League of Nations and played a part in the outbreak of World War Two in 1939. During the 1920’s the failures of the League of Nations were essentially small-scale and did not threaten world peace. However they did set a marker – that the League of NationsRead MoreFailure Of The League Of Nations893 Words   |  4 PagesI. Failure of the League of Nations 1. United States Refused to Join A. In 1918, Woodrow Wilson, the president at the time, wrote an open letter suggesting that if the Republicans were to gain control of congress they would give ease to Germany. This accusation was false as the Republicans had backed World War I and because of this they won the 1918 elections and gained control of the Senate and the House. Lodge became the majority leader and demanded compromise on the League of Nations charter beforeRead MoreThe Failure Of The League Of Nations2531 Words   |  11 PagesMany may believe that the League of Nations was doomed to failure from the start, as the doors of their Geneva headquarters opened many say that it was built on unstable foundations and that the very idea of it was a grave misjudgment by the powers that were. It’s believed to be true that the League of Nations was marred with many fundamental flaws from the beginning. The League of Nations was formed shortly after the end of the First World War. It was an idea that President W ilson introduced asRead MoreThe Successes and Failures of the League of Nations1554 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 1920’s the League of Nations primary desire was to end war across all fronts and to promote international co-operation. Therefore the best criteria that can be used to classify a success, was whether war was avoided and a peaceful settlement formulated after a crisis between two or more nations. Although this aim was the most important the league also tried to help economic problems in other countries. This applied to the economic collapse of Austria and Hungary between 1922-3. WhenRead MoreThe Failure of the League of Nations Essays1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Failure of the League of Nations The League of Nations was always a rather idealistic idea. The idea of keeping peace around the world obviously had good intentions but there would always be conflicting issues between member states of the League. When founded on January 10th 1920, The League of Nations was made up of 24 nations including Britain and France who were the economic haves from the First World War, this meant they had benefited through gaining inRead MoreThe Failure of the League of Nations Essay2299 Words   |  10 PagesThe Failure of the League of Nations In this essay I am going to explain whether I agree or disagree with the following statement: The league failed in the 1930s simply because it faced greater challenges than it had faced in the 1920s. The League of Nations was formed in 1919 just after the First World War. It was the initial idea of Woodrow Wilson, the president of the USA, and was formed as an international police force to keep the peace and to make sureRead MoreWeaknesses and Failure of the League of the Nations3552 Words   |  15 Pagesand Failure of the League of the Nations The onset of the Second World War demonstrated that the League had failed in its primary purpose, which was to avoid any future world war. There were a variety of reasons for this failure, many connected to general weaknesses within the organization. Weaknesses Origins and structure The origins of the League as an organization created by the Allied Powers as part of the peace settlement to end the First World War led to it being viewed as a League of VictorsRead MoreReasons for the Failure of the League of Nations Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesReasons for the Failure of the League of Nations Although there is dispute about whether the League was a success in the 1920s, it is generally agreed that it was a failure in the 30s. In 1929, the Wall Street Crash started a long depression that quickly led to economic problems throughout the world, damaging trade and industry of all countries. It led to negatively affecting the relations between countries. Im 1931, the first major test for the League came about withRead MoreThe Failure of the League of Nations and the Outbreak of War in 1939913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Failure of the League of Nations and the Outbreak of War in 1939 There are many causes for the outbreak of the Second World War. These include the failure of the League of Nations, the Treaty of Versailles, Hitlers actions and so on. Some of them are more important then others and are mostly linked with another cause. The failure of the League of Nations was one of the main reasons for the outbreak of war. It exposed weaknesses which encouraged Hitler to invadeRead MoreThe Repeated Failure of the League of Nations in Keeping Peace668 Words   |  3 PagesThe Repeated Failure of the League of Nations in Keeping Peace The League of Nations repeatedly failed in keeping the peace because, first of all Hitler went against the Treaty of Versailles and started World War 2 yet the League of Nations failed to react. The Treaty of Versailles also failed because Mussolini in Abyssinia went against the league and Manchuria also contributed towards the failure to keep the peace. The structure of the league didnÂ’t help as the council

Syndretizm And Abstraction In Early Christian And free essay sample

Roman Art Essay, Research Paper Within the 500 old ages of history from the debut of Christian art around 200 CE until the prohibition on spiritual images in 8th century Byzantium, a continuity between the classical spiritual tradition and Christianity is apparent. Syncretism, or the assimilation of images from other traditions, defined the Late Antique period # 8217 ; s aesthetic passage into the first three centuries of Byzantine art making a span between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. In late Rome, amidst a turning tendency toward abstraction, classical signifiers and values were giving to a symbolic pragmatism in imperial secular art, puting the phase for later abstract religious values in Christian graphicss. The late Roman universe was sing a assortment of problems.The rapid sequence and violent overthrow of the imperial leaders, military catastrophes, turning rising prices and revenue enhancement, along with the forsaking of traditional faith, opened the door for new tendencies in doctrine and faith that of fered an flight from the worlds of a rough world. We will write a custom essay sample on Syndretizm And Abstraction In Early Christian And or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Greek construct of a man-centered humanistic art was melting. Art shifted off from Hellenistic accomplishments including foreshortening, atmostpheric position, and re-creating world, toward a two dimensional symbolic attack with a more stiff manner. # 8220 ; The contrast of visible radiation and shadow, the coevals of natural signifiers, and the optical effects of classical art, gave manner to freshly abstracted signifiers with a concentration on sybolism played against the classical background making aesthic and emotional entreaty. # 8221 ; ( Byzantine Art in the Making, p.114 ) The Arch of Constantine and the statue group known as The Tetrarchs are illustrations of the prostration of the classical art signifiers in official plants of late Roman art. Both exhibit # 8220 ; characters with stubby proportions, angular motions, and telling of parts through symmetricalness and repeat # 8221 ; ( Art History, p.283 ) Symbolic importance was stressed instead than Torahs of nature. S implfied and stripped down to necessities, the images communicated forceful and direct messages. As the traditional Roman influence on art starts to disintegrate, early Christian art continues the usage of symbolism and demonstrates a continuity with the classical period by integrating ancient symbols and thoughts. Until Constantine the Great made Christianity one of the Roman Empire # 8217 ; s province faiths with the Edict of Milan in 313 CE, Christian art was restricted to the ornament of the concealed topographic points of worship, such as catacombs and run intoing houses. # 8221 ; In imperial Rome, citizens had the legal right to bury their dead in belowground suites beside the Appian Way, the metropolis # 8217 ; s main thoroughfare.By the late 2nd century some of the graves displayed Christian symbols and topics, proposing the increasing assurance of the new faith in an otherwise hostile Roman environment. # 8221 ; ( Western Humanities, p.149 ) Most of the early representa tions in Christian picture were derived from Roman art, stylized to suit into Christian beliefs. # 8221 ; There are several grounds for this usage of a common ocular linguistic communication ; cardinal to all of these grounds is the fact that version to the encompassing civilization was necessary for the endurance of the new faith, and a primary cause of its victory over the Greco-Roman religion. # 8221 ; ( The Begining of Christian Art, p.27 ) The catacomb pictures were rich in images, utilizing iconography and symbolism to convey the thoughts of Christian resurrectrion, redemption, and life after decease. The manner of these pictures chiefly focused on the message, instead than on the naturalism of earlier Greco-Roman a rt. â€Å"The mundane aspects of the scenes are disregarded; their settings contain a bare minimum of furniture and architecture. The figures themselves, apart from the faces, with their big, staring eyes, lack plasticity and their attitudes and gestures are quite unlike those of real life. They have no weight, no real contact with the ground, but seem to hover lightly just above it. The space surrounding the figures and objects is sketchily indicated, everything is flattened, schematized. Clearly, for the artists who made these images, material reality counted for nothing, and one can only suppose that this habit of shutting their eyes to the physical world was a whole-hearted adoption of the new faith, in which the spiritual world was man’s sole concern.† (The Catacombs, p.73 ) The visual aspect of religion was very important, especially in an environment in which, for the most part, people did not read. This symbolic and syncretic religious art becomes an easy way to spread teachings, especially among a people that are used to seeing their gods as the Greeks and Romans. There are many instances of pagan images being either adapted to Christian use or placed alongside Christian images. Common motifs were used in the early Christian catacomb paintings melding Greco-Roman images into Christian artistic representations. Depictions of Jesus as shepherd, Christ as Helios, and the story of Jonah are all examples of syncretism used to convey religious messages within the fledgling Christian religion. In this paper I will focus on the image of the Good Shepherd. In the Catacomb of Callixtus, a third-century fresco depicts a youthful shepherd as a symbol of Jesus. A similar depiction can also be found at Dura Europas, in an ancient Christian meeting- house. Christ the Good Shepherd of the Twenty-third Psalm was often depicted as a beardless youth derived from the pagan god Apollo and with other ties to many Mediterranean mythologies. † Beyond the Apollonian parallels found in the depictions of the shepherd†¦ one must think only of the Babylonian Tammuz, the Greek Adonis, and by extension, the Egyptian Osiris, who bears, as symbols of his royalty, a flail and a small staff that resembles a shepherd’s crook† (The Origins of Christian Art , p.62) Other evidence of a continuity based on the mythological past are the musical pipes the shepherd is sometimes portrayed with, reminiscent of Orpheus figures surrounded by animals that listen to him play. â€Å"The profession of shepherd was associated with the Orphic cult leader Orpheus† (The Beginning of Christian Art, p.58) In early Christian art, the shepherd figure was sometimes portrayed as a man with a sheep on his shoulders;Christ as the shepherd leading the stray sheep back to the fold. Interestingly, this pose of the youth carrying an animal on his shoulders appeared in Archaic Greek sculpture as early as the sixth century BCE. Even though the shepher d and sheep convey a Christian message, the image adapts a familiar Greco-Roman theme-known already in popular art. From the first appearance of serious cracks in the structure of the Roman empire as a universal power, until the Early Byzantine period, artistic trends were dominated by a blending of traditional images, or syncretism,and symbolism conveyed emotionally by the increased use of abstraction. During this turbulent period, a firm foundation developed for medieval art both in the East and in the West.Throughout the Middle ages this same basic formula with its focus on symbolism was used many times in religious contexts to express similar ideas.